In two additional studies, participants read a series of different moral scenarios that varied according to whether the main character wanted to hurt someone a sign of bad character, regardless of the outcome and whether someone was actually hurt. In line with the first study, when the main character wanted to hurt someone, participants reported feeling disgust more than anger, even when no actual harm was done. And when the character caused harm unintentionally, participants reported more anger than disgust.
Despite these overall trends in the data, the researchers note that the findings were complex and warrant further investigation. This article has received the badge for Open Materials.
APS regularly opens certain online articles for discussion on our website. Effective February , you must be a logged-in APS member to post comments. By posting a comment, you agree to our Community Guidelines and the display of your profile information, including your name and affiliation. For more information, please see our Community Guidelines. For more information about this research, please contact study authors: Roger Giner-Sorolla.
Research highlights from APS journals, including work on school punishment, optimism, and dyscalculia. Civil unrest and political violence may be related to the psychological burden of the COVID pandemic. Aggression appears to relate to superior anger-identification abilities.
Yet the future will be even better, and our descendants will scorn us for our backwardness. In the future, we will breed or genetically engineer animals for the tastiest cuts of flesh. Our offspring would find that brutal and disgusting. Instead, we will take tiny samples of their delicious bodies and use them to grow large amounts of tasty artificial meat in industrial labs. Aside from the humanitarian aspects of not killing and eating animals, cultured meat will be good for the environment. Growing feed, transporting it, and managing animal waste comes with significant environmental costs—not to mention that cow farts contribute to global warming.
Only a few years ago, meat cultured in a lab cost hundreds of thousands of dollars per pound. Perhaps that will open the door to human meat, as well.
We could grow meat from harmless tissue samples taken from live humans. Celebrities might even sell their most famous cuts. Imagine this dinner party conversation:.
And the cycle of disgust will continue as their descendants are similarly repulsed. Most future folk will find pregnancy—and especially the delivery of an infant through a birth canal—messy and risky. Creating a baby inside another human being is hazardous. Artificial wombs will provide safe, sterile environments for ectogenesis that will deliver optimum nourishment for ideal growth.
It may even enable parents to lengthen gestation beyond 40 weeks, perhaps until icky poopy barbaric! Abortion will probably be regarded as a moot debate. Advances in genetic engineering will allow men and women to turn their fertility on and off: a more advanced birth control that will make unexpected pregnancies extremely rare.
Air pollution still kills over , people in the United States annually. But even US pollution is nothing compared to countries like China.
This is what Beijing looks like after two days of rain and on a normal day:. What happens to the gunk the rain washes away? In addition to boogers, nose hairs also help to filter the air you breathe. Everyone burps. Whether you discreetly burp after excusing yourself from the table, or if you belch loudly and proudly, everyone lets one go.
Gases, primarily carbon dioxide — though other gases like methane and hydrogen can also collect — gradually build up in our stomachs. This gas can be inhaled when you eat and drink, or it can be in what you're consuming, like carbon dioxide in fizzy sodas. The gas gets trapped in the stomach by the esophageal sphincter, according to "Grossology — The Impolite Science of the Human Body.
As the gas continues to accumulate, it becomes harder and harder for the esophageal sphincter to keep it from escaping. The gas must escape to relieve the pressure that builds up in the stomach. So, when the gas builds up enough, it will push the esophageal sphincter open, resulting in a burp. And, for anyone who has experienced a burp all of us , you know the relief that can come from reducing that stomach pressure. One of the grosser aspects of being human though, of course, pooping is not unique to the human species , pooping is essential to your life.
Pooping helps to rid the body of undigested food and bacteria, as well as other unnecessary debris. Eliminating waste is a huge part of life for creatures like humans. But poop can serve an even greater purpose. Poop can also serve as a clue to your health. The appearance of your poop and any difficulties you might have in the act itself can be huge signals that something is wrong.
Abnormal poops can help reveal infection, digestive issues and more. Aside from the boogers themselves, sneezing, especially a loud, snot-slinging sneeze, is often thought of as, well, gross. But sneezing helps to keep unwanted invaders from getting into the body through the nose. Irritants like pepper and dust that get into your nose can be quickly expelled by sneezing. This reaction also happens when your nasal membranes are infected with a virus like the common cold.
Sneezing helps to keep your nose clear of potentially more harmful viruses and bacteria. While it's gross, sneezing is an important part of staying healthy. There is always something going on in your stomach. Whether it's trying to tell you to eat, letting you know it's way too full, or burbling for another reason, there's never a dull moment in the human gut.
And while it may be noisy, your stomach is up to some seriously important work.
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